Reference
Glossary
Definitions for key protocol terminology used across the Xhavic ecosystem.
Protocol
- Optimistic Rollup
- A Layer-2 scaling approach that executes transactions off-chain and posts results to Ethereum. Transactions are assumed valid unless challenged with a fraud proof during the challenge window.
- Fraud Proof
- A cryptographic proof submitted to Ethereum that demonstrates a sequencer posted an incorrect state root. If verified, the invalid state is reverted and the sequencer is slashed.
- State Root
- A cryptographic hash representing the complete state of the execution network at a given block height. State roots are committed to Ethereum for verification.
- Challenge Window
- The 7-day period after a state root is posted to Ethereum during which any participant can submit a fraud proof. After this window closes without a valid challenge, the state is considered final.
- Sequencer
- The entity responsible for ordering transactions, executing them on the EVM, and submitting batches to Ethereum. In the Alpha phase, Xhavic operates a single centralized sequencer managed by the Xhavic Foundation.
- Batch
- A collection of transactions bundled by the sequencer and submitted to Ethereum as a single calldata payload. Xhavic submits batches every 60 seconds.
Wallet
- Dual Wallet System
- Xhavic's protocol-level transaction routing mechanism. Two distinct execution paths — Instant Wallet and Secured Wallet — separated at the sequencer level, allowing users to choose between speed and reversibility.
- Instant Wallet
- The fast execution path for composable DeFi operations. Transactions finalize with soft finality in 2-5 seconds and are irreversible once confirmed.
- Secured Wallet
- The protected execution path for high-value or institutional operations. Transactions enter a 24-hour escrow period during which they can be reversed by the sender.
- Escrow Period
- The 24-hour window during which Secured Wallet transactions are held in a protocol-managed escrow contract. The sender can initiate a reversal before the period expires.
Security
- Slashing
- The penalty mechanism for sequencers that submit invalid state roots. A portion of the sequencer's staked collateral is burned, and the remaining portion is awarded to the fraud proof submitter.
- Validator
- An entity that monitors sequencer output and verifies state transitions. Validators can submit fraud proofs if they detect an incorrect state root.
- Interactive Bisection
- The fraud proof resolution protocol. The challenger and sequencer iteratively narrow down the disputed computation to a single instruction, which is then verified on Ethereum.
- Single Honest Participant
- The security assumption underlying optimistic rollups. The system remains secure as long as at least one honest validator is monitoring the sequencer and is willing to submit fraud proofs.
Infrastructure
- EVM Compatibility
- Full bytecode-level compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Solidity and Vyper contracts deploy on Xhavic without modification. All Ethereum opcodes are supported.
- Precompile
- A contract at a predefined address that executes native code instead of EVM bytecode. Xhavic uses precompile addresses (0x00...F0-FF) for oracle data access.
- Gas
- The unit of computational cost for executing operations on the network. Xhavic gas costs are approximately 90% lower than Ethereum L1 for equivalent operations.
- Data Availability
- The guarantee that transaction data is published and accessible so that any participant can reconstruct the full chain state and verify state transitions.
- Calldata
- The Ethereum transaction field used to post Layer-2 batch data. Calldata is permanently stored on Ethereum and serves as the data availability layer for fraud proof verification.